Indo-Myanmar Gamgi
First Anglo-Burmse War khitciangin Treaty of Yandabo kum 1826 in kigelh hi. Tua a kipan Burmese ten Assam, Manipur, Rakhine (Arakan) leh Taninthayi uk nawnlo uh hi. Kum 1834 ciangin Kabaw Valley pen Burma te kiangah ki pe kik hi. Hih muna gamgi pen British Commissioner min tapsak in ‘Pemberton Line’ kici hi. Kum 1837 ciangin Patkai Hills pen northern boundary dingin ki ciamteh hi. Kum 1852-53 sunga a nihveina Anglo-Burmese War khitciangin Burma gam zapi British Empire nuaiah lut hi. A cian lai teng zong kum 1885 ciangin lazo uh a, British India nuaiah om hi. Kum 1894 ciangin Manipur leh Chin Hills (Burma) gamgi ‘Pemberton line’ tungtawn in kibawl hi. Hih pen kum 1896, 1901, 1921, 1922 in ki puahpha kik toto hi. Kum 1937 ciangin Burma pen India pan kikhen khia in colony tuam hong hita hi. Kum 1947 ciangin India in suahtakna ngah a, Burma in zong kum 1948 ciangin suahtakna ngah hi.
March 10, 1967 ciangin Burma leh India ten Boundary Treaty gelh uh hi. Gam nih ten diplomatic negotiation nei to zel in kum 1969 ciangin gamgi kician hong om thei hi. Indo-Myanmar gamgi pen kilometre 1643 in sau hi. India gam lamah Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland leh Arunachal Pradesh state om hi. Myanmar lam ah Chin state, Sagaing Region leh Kachin state te om hi. Indo-Myanmar gamgi ciaptehna gamgi suang border pillar (BP) 46 gamgi dungah ki phut to dimdiam hi. BP-1 pan BP-32 pen Mizoram sungah kiphut hi. BP-32 pan BP-130, Manipur ah kiphut a, BP-130 pan BP-154 Nagaland in huam in, BP-154 pan BP-186 pen Arunachal in huam hi. Indo-Myanmar gamgi kiim ah minam tuam tuam Chin, Kuki, Mizo, Zomi, Naga, Singpho leh adang tampi teeng uh hi.
India leh Myanmar Kilawmtaakna
Kum 1948 a Myanmar in British pana suahtakna hong ngah ciangin India in Diplomatic Relation neih pih to pah hi. Myanmar pen India gam province khat na hi ngei ahihmanin India tawh a kikal uh tawlkhat sung hoih mawh lo hi. Ahizongin, Galkap ten Democratic kumpi’ thuneihna a lak ciangun kilawmtakna deih bangin hoih zo lo hi. Leitung gamdang te bangin India in zong Kawlgam gaalkap te’ tatsiatna mawksak hi. Kum 1987 a India Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi Myanmar a va zin ciangin kilamdanna hong om sam hi. Ahizongin kum 1988 Pro-democracy movement huhau in gamnihte kikal hoihlo kik hi. Kum 1993 a P.V Narasimha Rao in India Prime Minister hong ciangin gam nihte’ kikal hong hoihto kik hi. India leh Myanmar ten kum 1951 ciangin Treaty of Friendship gelh uh hi.
Kum 2024 September kha in Indian Council of World Affairs ten Myanmar gama National Unity Government, Arakan Army, Chin National Front, leh Kachin Independence Army te “Constitutionalism and Federalism” seminar a neihna uah sam uh hi. SAC junta lam te sam maw samlo cih bel ki theilo hi.
Free Movement Regime (FMR)
A tung a kipan in India leh Burma ten gamgi zuul a teeng minamte Free Movement Regime (FMR) zang sak uh hi. Burma Passport Rules, 1948 in India gam lama om tualsuk minamte Burma gam sungah 40 k.m Passport kuul loin zin phalna pia hi. Kum 1950 ciangin India in zong Pasport Rules puahpha in Kawlgam lam a teeng tualsuak minamte passport lo tawh India gamsungah 40 k.m zin a, nai 72 sung tam phalna pia hi. Kum 1968 ciangin north-east India a tapong tam huhau in India in Permit System hong bawl uh hi. Kum 2004 ciangin kham theih leh galvan tam honglut luat manin phalna 40k.m pan 16 k.m in ki khiam suk hi. Bek tham lo in Pangsau (Arunachal Pradesh), Moreh (Manipur) leh Zokhawthar (Mizoram) tawn bekin gamgi kikan thei ding ci uh hi. Hih thukhun te kizui lo ahihmanin kum 2014 ciangin gam nih ten gamgi vaiah Agreement kician khat neih sawm uh hi. Kum 2018 May ni 11 ciangin Agreement on Land Border Crossing hong gelh khawm thei uh hi. Hih kilemna om bangin gamgi pana 16 k.m huam sunga teeng tualsuak minam ten Border Pass tawh gamgi lehlam ah zinin ni 14 sung va taam thei uh hi.
Kum 2024 December kha in Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India in thukhun thak “Instructions for regulation of cross-border area of people of people across the Indo-Myanmar Border (IMB)” cih hong suaksak uh hi. Hih in Free Movement Regime (FMR) km 16 pan km 10 in khiamsuk hi. India lam pan Myanmar lama lut nuam ten Assam Rifles te kiangah “Border Pass” la ding uh a, tua tawh ni 7 ciang va taam thei ding uh hi. Myanmar pana India hon glut ding peuhmah in Border Crossing Points ah ki report masa in form fill-up kuul ta ding hi. Assam Rifles ten Document sittel masa ding uh a, tua khitciang State Police leh Health Department ten security leh Health check nei ding uh hi. Assam Rifles ten Indo-Myanmar Border portal-ah form khempeuh upload vek ding uh hi. QR code scan khitciang online form ki fill-up thei ding hi. Police ten Border Pass a thute physical verification nei kik ding uh a, a kituaklo leh zuau thu a om leh mat theih hi ding uh hi. Border Pass pen ni 7 a cin ma in a lakna mun mah ah va koih kik ding ahi hi.
FMR a Noptuamna
Indo-Myanmar Border Free Movement Regime in Chin, Kuki, Zomi, Naga leh Kachin minam India leh Myanmar a omte kizopna nopsak hi. Van zuak leh van lei nuam tum a, a diakin gamgi dunga teeng ten phattuam pih mah mah uh hi. Gamgi leh lamah healthcare, education leh service dangte va zuan thei uh hi. India te “Act East Policy” a lawhcinna khat ahi hi. Siatna khat peuh a om ciangin lehlam-lehlam manlang takin ki huhtuah thei uh hi. Kum 2024 in Moreh a inn kang in, Tamu pan kangphelh motor va tailut vingveng in mei va phelh hi. Myanmar military coup 2021 ciangin Myanmar mi tampi FMR huhau in India ah lut thei uh hi.
India Kumpi in FMR beisak sawm
A hang tuam tuam tawh India kumpi January 2, 2024 in FMR beisak ding leh Border Fending bawl ding in thu khensat uh hi. Kum 2024 in India kumpi in Indo-Myanmar gamgi fencing na ding budget ₹30,000 crore kipsak uh hi. Indo-Myanmar gamgi 1,624 Km pan September 2024 dongin 30 Km bek fencing zo pan uh hi. Maban om laite a manlang thei in zopkik sawm uh hi.
India in FMR beisak a sawm kikna hang a tuam tuam om hi. Gamgi dai kaih loh manin India tapong khenkhat NSCN, PLA cihte Myanmar gam sungah ki busa uh hi. Hihte in India ah buaina bawlin Myanmar lamah va tailut zel uh hi. Hih gamgi kikhak loh hangin galvan zuak ten nuamtak in tawn thei uh hi. Galvan banah kham theih zuakte tawtna lampi khat zong ahi hi. Myanmar buaina in lah ven lam manawh theilo ahihmanin Myanmar pan India ah gaaltai hong tamluat khak ding lauthawnna om hi. FMR huhau in informal trade tamin formal trade pan kumpi in a ngah ding zah ngahloh lawh thei hi. Manipur a Meitei leh Kuki-Zomi kikal buaina pen Manipur CM Myanmar pana hong lutte hang hi ci-in India kumpi kiangah FMR beisak dingin nan gen hi. Hih thu tuam tuam te’ hangin kumpi in FMR beisak ding leh border fencing ding hong sawm petmah mawk hi.
Lungphona
FMR beisak ding leh Border Fencing ding pen gamgi zuul a teeng minam kipawlna te in deihlo in lungphona nei uh hi. Mizoram ah Zo Reunification Organisation (ZORO) ten FMR beisak leh Border Fencing pen kum 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indiginous Peoples (UNDRIP) Article 36 tawh kikalh ci-in dodal uh hi. Central Young Mizo Association (CYMA) central committee leh MZP banah MPC party ten zong hih thu deihlo in dodal uh hi. Nagaland-ah Congress, Naga People’s Front (NPF) leh Rising People’s Party (RPP) ten nakpi takin dodal uh hi. Manipur ah zong Zomi Council (ZC) banah Kuki kipawlna tuam tuam ten naakpi tak in dodal uh hi.
Thu Khupna
FMR hong bei in Border Fencing hong zo le uh zong entry point kibawl veve ding a, sung tum/pusuak limtak kiciamteh ding hi. Lehlam khat pan a hoih zawkna zong om zaw mai thei lai ding hi. A thupi penah bel Zomite gamgi in hong khen mah leh i lungsim kigawm ding han ciam ciat hi.
Thangpi Naulak
The Gandhigram Institute of Rural Health and Family Welfare Trust
Gandhigram-624302, Dindigul District
Tamil Nadu, India
